{0}} Hka lum ai hpe ninghkap ai
Rubber a thermal aging gaw free radicals a majaw byin pru wa ai oxidative aging langai mi rai nga ai. ntsa n-gun kaba ai hpe ninghkap lu ai arung arai ni a matu, diphhenylamine hte TMDQ hte kaga katsi ai hpe ninghkap lu ai n-gun shayawm ai tsi ni hpe lata la na matu lata la mai ai.
{0}} Flexural cracking hpe ninghkap lu ai
Flexural cracking gaw, ndai asak kaba wa ai lam hpe pat shingdang na matu, amine (sh) phenolic antiozonants ni hpe lata ai lam hpe pat shingdang na matu, n-gun kaba ai n-gun atsam hpe hkam la lu na matu, n-gun kaba ai shamu shamawt lam a akyu gaw, grai kaja ai wa a n-gun hpe n-gun jaw ya ai.
{0}} Ozone hpe ninghkap ai
Antiozonants ni gaw p-phenylene diamines, TMDQ, sulfur veins hte makawp maga ai waxes ni, etc. ni lawm ai, madung hku nna, awu asin re ai p-p-phenylene diaamines ni hpe kayau kaya hpawng de ai shaloi, n san seng ai sulfur veins ni hte paraffin ni gaw grai kaja ai mahtai ni hpe lu la mai ai. Raitim, sulfur vein compounds ni gaw accelerate galaw na matu ahkyak ai myit jasat nga ai. orch. Dai hta n-ga, ozone asak kaba wa ai lam hpe arung arai ni a ntsa e shapraw ai, dai majaw, ntsa lam kaba ai anti-ozonation agents ni a akyu gaw grai kaja ai. Kade nna ai aten hta, shanhte a matut manoi lang ai a matu, n-gun ja ai molecular weight ozonants ni hpe galaw shapraw wa sai.
{0}} N kaja ai magri a asak kaba ai hpe ninghkap ai lam
Anti - n hkru n kaja ai nhprang sut rai ni hpe magri ion hpe pat da ai tsi ni hte magri ntsa na n-gun n rawng ai arung arai ni hku nna garan mai ai. Shawng na gaw p-phenylenediamines hte bisphenol compounds ni a grai kaja ai akyu ni nga ai, hpang jahtum na hta mecalutan compounds ni nga ai (dai zawn re ai) tricolata compounds ni hte tricolata compounds ni hpe grau kaja ai hku ninghkap lu ai atsam hpe rau lu la na matu, ntsa kaw na anti-mented agents ni hpe rau lang mai ai. n-gun ja ai tsi ni hpe n-gun jaw ai n-gun hpe n-gun jaw ya ai.
{0}} Nhtoi hpe ninghkap ai hte asak kaba wa ai
Carbon black gaw kaja dik htum ai ultraviolet absorber.Dai hta n-ga, carbon black a matu n-gun n rawng ai, n-gun n rawng ai arung arai ni a matu (carbon black hpe nsam langai hku sha lang ai) a matu n mai htum ai n-gun rawng ai lam rai nga ai. Aging aging aging aging aging hte lahkawng lang ngu na anti agent, phenylenitaine ana zinli hpe ninghkap ai tsi ni hpe lang ai. , raitim, n san seng ai n-gun n rawng ai n-gun n rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun ni, phenols ni, pat da ai amines hte paraffin wax ni gaw grai kaja ai akyu ni nga ai{{11} n-gun n rawng ai MBMTB [2, 2, 2 '- methylene lahkawng lang (4 methyl 6 langai tertiary butyl phenol) hte antiager MBETB [2, 2, 2 gas methylene lahkawng lang (4 a ethyl, 6 tertiary butyl phenol)] n-gun n rawng ai n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun hpe shayawm ya lu ai.
{0}} paraffin wax hpe lata ai
Vulcanization ngut ai hpang, paraffin wax hpe dai arai a ntsa kaw na shapraw kau nna, hkum hkrang makawp maga ai sumla hkrung hpe hkrang shapraw na matu, dai arung arai hpe ozone n-gun hpe atsawm sha pat shingdang lu na matu, dai arung arai a ntsa e paraffin hpe shapraw kau ai masa ni, shi a npawt nhpang hte maren shai hkat ai masa (rubber hte additives), hte n-gun n-gun hpe lata la na matu grai ahkyak nga ai.